Barlines : specify the piece by starting bar or the ending bar or frame a group of Mesure to be repeated several times.

- there are four kinds of them

1- Piece start :shows the first measure to be played. Usually, only one piece start

barline can be included in a single score.

2- Piece end :tells the performer to stop playing when this symbol is reached.

3- Repeat start :shows that the following measure have to be repeated several times

4- Repeat end : tells the performer that measures between the matching repeat start barline.

5 - other symbols :

indicates that only one measure is to be played again

indicates that two measure is to be played again

* Notice: if you look at the Repeat end barline,the number (x3) mean you must to repeat the measures

as it is specified by number

- there are other barlines (double, dotted, bold or invisible barline) have no effect on how the piece is played.

Part markers : allows you to specify that the following measure will you played after repeat the note and it indicated half bracket with number under it, as you see in the pic .

- look to this staff. we will play the 1st measure then 2nd measure then jump to the 4th measure and back to the 1st measure then jump to the 3rd measure then 4th measure .

Jumps and conditional actions : Written at the beginning or end of the

measure,and their effects are jumping between the measure or specify

the way of the piece.

· you have to paly all the staff then back to the beginning and stop at the end of

the measure 2,where the peice will finish.

"Fine" Marker written after "D.C. Alfine" too, and it has same effect.

· you have to paly all the staff, then back to start from the 2nd measure and

stop at the end of 3rd measure.

· you have to paly from the 1st measure to the end of 3rd measure then back to the 1st measure

and jump to the 5th measure.

· you have to paly from 1st measure to the end of 3rd measure then back to 2nd measure and jump

to the 5th measure.

Segno		Where to start again
Coda		Where to jump
Fine		Where to finish the piece
Da Coda		Jump to coda
D.C.	Da Capo	Back to start from the beginning
D.S.	Da Segno	Back to start from the "Segno"
D.C. Al Fine	Da Capo Al Fine	Back to start from the beginning and finish at "Fine"
D.S. Al Fine	Da Segno Al Fine	Back to start from the "Segno" and finish at "Fine"
D.C. Al Coda	Da Capo Al Coda
D.S. Al Coda	Da Segno al Coda

· you have to play all the staff then back to start from the beginning .

Dynamic tools : Make the sound of the musical instrument louder or softer

- In this staff there are two symbols below

1- Cresendo: Gradually increasing the sounds' valium.

2- Descrcendo: Gradually decrease the sounds' valium .

- on this staff there are two symbols below :

1-Fortissimo : make the sounds very loud until to other symbol

2-piano : make the sound soft

Tempo : is the speed of the tune in the piece music. it indicated by guarter note

equal number ( example: = 100) over the beginning of the score. this tell the

performer how fast to play the piece music. the meaning of the number is a per

beat in the minute, or it indicated by words like moderato, allegro, andante,

adagio ...etc

largo	42-66 bpm
adagio	58-97 bpm
andante	56-88 bpm
moderato	66-126 bpm
allegro	84-144 bpm
presto	100-152 bpm

Changing the tempo : to change the speed of the piece by putting some Phrases in the

score to tell you how to change the tempo like accel, rit, rall ,poco poco ...etc

*accel*	gradually faster
*rit*	gradually slower
*rall*	gradually slower
*poco a poco*	little by little
*a tempo*	returning to a previous tempo